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FAME: From Adversarial Feature Vectors to Malware Evasion

This post summarizes the work we presented at the 2026 IEEE 4th Conference on Information Technology and Data Science (CITDS 2026) in Debrecen, Hungary. My name is József Sándor, and I’m a PhD student in the CrySyS Lab. FAME is joint work with Endre Glocker and Roland Nagy.

Machine learning (ML) has become a popular tool for detecting malware on IoT devices. These devices have very little CPU, memory, and energy to spare, so detectors need to be lightweight. One such detector is SIMBIoTA-ML, which feeds the TLSH similarity hash of a file into a classifier. It is cheap to compute and detects new malware that resembles what the model saw in training.

But like every ML-based detector, SIMBIoTA-ML can be fooled by adversarial examples (AE). In our paper we ask: can we build a systematic, reliable pipeline that produces functional evasive malware against it? The answer is FAME (From Adversarial feature vectors to Malware Evasion).

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CAN We Trust Your Results? A Cross-Dataset Study of Automotive IDS Evaluation

Our new paper is available now here.
You can cite it like this: B. Koltai, G. Ács and A. Gazdag, CAN We Trust Your Results? A Cross-Dataset Study of Automotive IDS Evaluation, Euro S&P – ACSW26, 2026.

Modern vehicles are no longer just mechanical machines. They are complex computer systems on wheels, with many electronic control units constantly talking to each other. One of the main communication systems inside vehicles is the Controller Area Network, or CAN bus.
The CAN bus was designed to be fast and reliable, but not necessarily secure. As cars have become more connected, this has become a serious concern. If an attacker gains access to the vehicle network, they may try to inject fake messages, block legitimate ones, or modify vehicle signals. This is why many researchers have worked on intrusion detection systems, or IDSs, for automotive networks.
These systems are meant to detect suspicious activity on the CAN bus. But there is an important question behind this work:

If an IDS performs well in one study, can we trust that it will also work well in another vehicle, another dataset, or another attack scenario? Or in other words: Are some current methods too dependent on the specific datasets they used?

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SIMBIoTA: Similarity-Based Malware Detection for the Internet of Things

CrySyS Lab researchers developed a new anti-virus solution running on resource constrained embedded IoT devices.

Embedded devices connected to the Internet are threatened by malware, but no anti-virus product is available for them. Anti-virus products developed for traditional IT systems have higher resource needs than that offered by embedded IoT devices. The required amount of free storage space and memory to run these products is often measured in gigabytes, which exceeds the capacity of typical IoT devices, such as WiFi routers, IP cameras, smart house hold appliances, wearable devices, etc. In addition, many existing anti-virus products do not even support the operating systems (typically some embedded Linux or some more exotic OS) used on IoT devices. Therefore, they could not be installed, even if a particular IoT device met their system requirements.

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Félidőnél tart a SETIT projekt

Buttyán Levente, BME
Ferenc Rudolf és Nagy Gábor Péter, SZTE
Huszti Andrea, DE

Az Internet ma már több beágyazott eszközt köt össze, mint hagyományos PC-t és szervert. A beágyazott eszközökkel kiterjesztett Internetet nevezzük Internet-of-Things-nek, vagy röviden IoT-nek. Az IoT számos alkalmazási területen biztosíthatja az új megoldások és a dinamikus fejlődés lehetőségét. IoT technológiákat használva otthonainkat okos otthonokká, városainkat okos városokká, gyárainkat okos gyárakká, és közlekedési rendszereinket intelligens közlekedési rendszerekké alakíthatjuk. Mindez azonban alakulhat máshogyan is, ha nem gondoskodunk arról, hogy az a technológia, amire a jövőnket építjük, kellően biztonságos és megbízható legyen. „Okos” otthonaink személyes szokásaink és adataink kiszivárogtatójává, „okos” városaink és „intelligens” közlekedési rendszereink masszív megfigyelési platformmá válhatnak.

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Enabling WiFi and converting the Raspberry Pi into a WiFi AP

This blog post, written by Márton Juhász, is the fifth in a series of blog posts on transforming the Raspberry Pi into a security enhanced IoT platform. This post specifically will explain how to convert the Raspberry Pi into a WiFi access point such that it can perform some gateway-like functionality. First, we describe how to enable WiFi and then how to enable other software components to make the Pi an access point. Continue reading Enabling WiFi and converting the Raspberry Pi into a WiFi AP

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OS hardening on the Raspberry Pi

This blog post, written by Márton Juhász, is the fourth in a series of blog posts on transforming the Raspberry Pi into a security enhanced IoT platform. Previous posts discussed building a custom Linux system with Buildroot, installing OP-TEE, and verified boot on the Raspberry Pi. This post will describe some OS hardening options you can use to reduce the attacks surface. Continue reading OS hardening on the Raspberry Pi

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Using Buildroot to create custom Linux system images

This blog post, written by Szilárd Dömötör, is the second post in a series of blog posts on transforming the Raspberry Pi into a security enhanced IoT platform. The first post explained how to build and install the default OP-TEE implementation for the Raspberry Pi 3. This one describes how you can build your own custom Linux system (with OP-TEE) using the Buildroot environment. Continue reading Using Buildroot to create custom Linux system images

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OP-TEE default build and installation on the Raspberry Pi

This blog post, written by Márton Juhász, is the first in a series of blog posts on transforming the Raspberry Pi into a security enhanced IoT platform.

This blog post explains how to build and install the default OP-TEE implementation for the Raspberry Pi 3. The easiest way is to follow the steps described in the corresponding git repo of OP-TEE. However, for the sake of completeness (and because some steps may actually be a bit confusing in the original description), we provide a comprehensive description here. Continue reading OP-TEE default build and installation on the Raspberry Pi